Lead by Example free essay sample

Lead By Example SSG Alfred J. Stringer NCOA Abstract This paper makes the argument that the examples set by leaders will directly affect the actions and overall effectiveness of their organizations. Morality and upholding the Army Values and the basic principles of the United States of America are paramount principles of character that leaders should possess. Subordinates will many times copy and mirror their leaders so it is critically important for superiors to set good examples. Soldiers who observe leaders not living up to the Army standards lose faith with the organization and suffer morally from the bad example. The conclusion states that personal as well as professionally moral leader will improve the community and country. Keywords: morality, credibility, example It is a proven fact the character and example of leaders directly affects their subordinates, and their actions. â€Å"Leaders set an example whether they know it or not. † (FM 6-22) This statement has proven true through all human history. We will write a custom essay sample on Lead by Example or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Modern problems and increasing national insecurity demand strong moral leadership. The character and examples set by upcoming leaders will shape future generations and lead us into the unknown future. The question is, are the examples being set by our local, state, national and professional leaders, good or bad, moral or immoral, responsible or not, and how is it affecting society and our respective organizations? Leaders are constantly evaluated and critiqued by his subordinates. Even the most accepting and supportive soldier will make mental notes on the faults of their superiors. Those soldiers, when receiving orders from a bad example leader, may follow orders and do so without question, but as the soldier observes the discrepancies in their leader’s character, the respect for the leader and overall moral of the soldier will eventually decrease. Subordinates want and expect competency, integrity and loyalty from their leaders. They want to believe that the leader not only has actually experienced what they are going through, but also is willing to walk in their boots. I submit it is impossible for the hypocrite to effectively lead soldiers. The NCO creed states â€Å"I will always place their needs above my own. The leader who lives by a strong moral code, one who follows and hold true to the seven core Army values will be respected and loved by his troops. Unfortunately there are countless examples of leaders who place personal gain, petty rivalries and short term satisfaction over their integrity and responsibility to their subordinates and the ove rall mission or organization. The current situation in Washington is a very good example of this. It seems daily there is another story of ethics violations, sexual misconduct or out in out illegal activities from the United States senators, representatives and high level employees. These kinds of leaders, who set a bad example, open the door for their subordinates to follow in their footsteps and replicate the deviant behavior. The Army Sergeant First Class, who openly disrespects his senior leaders, will open the door for subordinates to follow his example. When he openly lies, is caught drinking and driving or makes excuses for his actions, he has in effect, destroyed his credibility with his troops. Even worse, his younger counterparts observe and make assumptions and assume this is how things are run in the organization. When his actions are brought to light and the First Sergeant and Commander do not hold the SFC accountable, it shows younger soldiers that Army values really do not mean anything, and inevitably produces more ethics violations. It only takes one unchecked bad example to poison an entire organization. An effective military leader is willing to put themselves into harm’s way for their troops. The Platoon Sergeant who protects his subordinates, is willing to share their burdens, who lives a moral life, and who keeps and upholds the standards, will undoubtedly earn the respect and admiration of his soldiers. Napoleon was a good example of this. As a young general he would often perform tasks during a battle that were the responsibilities of the officers below him. When his troops would face direct fire, he would be in the thick of it. Some accounts placed him loading cannons which were a corporal’s job. He went wherever he was needed. When the battles were over and Napoleon would many times rise up sweaty, dirty and covered in gun powder. There are accounts of Napoleon taking money out of his own pocket to take care of his troops and their families. This won the respect of the men around him. . He became a legendary figure for his troops and set a great example for his men both enlisted and officer alike. (Jean-Paul) A superior’s personal life can be just as important to his subordinates as his professional one. The leader, who upholds his marriage vows and family responsibilities, will show his subordinates he is not only an effective military leader, but also a successful husband and father. Everyone knows that person who is an exemplary soldier but who is severely lacking in his personal moral standards. This is the soldier who at work is the epitome of military discipline, but in his personal conduct, whether it is adultery, alcohol abuse, or other actions does not uphold the values he swore to uphold. Subordinates will look at his example, whether it is good or bad, and first justify their own actions and then, even attempt to replicate it. Placing soldiers who are tactically, technically and morally proficient, will improve the organization, teach by example and uphold the standards the Army and the United States of America claims to uphold. A team of influential leaders, by their good example will encourage their subordinates to be a better balanced, effective and moral person. This will produce a more responsible citizen, create happier and more secure families, and in turn strengthen the community and country as a whole. References FM-6-22 Army Leadership, October 2006 Jean-Paul, Ralph: Napoleon Bonapartes Guide to Leadership, www. potential 2success. com, http://potential2success. com/Napoleonbonaparteleadership. html

Free Essays on Pagan Traditions

Pagan Traditions Centuries before the birth of Christ, earth-based pagan religions claimed the loyalties of the known world. These pagan religions, worshipping many gods and goddesses, had their own myths and legends to explain the turning of the seasons. The Christian Church has, since its arrival in pagan England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, campaigned against the popularity of magic and magicians. The clergy forbade soothsaying, charming, love philters, as well as worshipping wells and trees. Attempts to heal the sick, foretell the future by purely natural means, and the use of medicine were not objected to, however. Any claims to have achieved some effect greater than that which could be shown to have come from natural phenomena was immediately suspecting (Thomas 253). Saint Patrick engrafted Christianity onto the pagan religion with such skill that he won many of the people over to the Christian religion before they understood the exact differences between the two systems of beliefs (Spence 67 ). In fact, Christian leaders were notoriously ready to assimilate elements of paganism into their own religious practices. This was to avoid posing to direct a conflict of loyalties in the minds of new converts (Thomas 47). The ancient worship of wells, trees, and stones was not abolished, but rather modified to associate the sacred sites with a saint instead of a heathen divinity. The hundreds of magical springs became â€Å"holy wells,† associated with a saint, but still employed for healing and for divining the future. Their water was even used in baptisms (Thomas 48). Pagan festivals were similarly incorporated into the church year (Thomas 47). Like all cultures, the pagans had myths and legends to explain the whys of the world. Their faith explained the changing of the seasons, and also gave them reasons to celebrate those changes. These celebrations are divided into Greater and Lesser Sabbats. As the Goddess is honored with the phas... Free Essays on Pagan Traditions Free Essays on Pagan Traditions Pagan Traditions Centuries before the birth of Christ, earth-based pagan religions claimed the loyalties of the known world. These pagan religions, worshipping many gods and goddesses, had their own myths and legends to explain the turning of the seasons. The Christian Church has, since its arrival in pagan England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, campaigned against the popularity of magic and magicians. The clergy forbade soothsaying, charming, love philters, as well as worshipping wells and trees. Attempts to heal the sick, foretell the future by purely natural means, and the use of medicine were not objected to, however. Any claims to have achieved some effect greater than that which could be shown to have come from natural phenomena was immediately suspecting (Thomas 253). Saint Patrick engrafted Christianity onto the pagan religion with such skill that he won many of the people over to the Christian religion before they understood the exact differences between the two systems of beliefs (Spence 67 ). In fact, Christian leaders were notoriously ready to assimilate elements of paganism into their own religious practices. This was to avoid posing to direct a conflict of loyalties in the minds of new converts (Thomas 47). The ancient worship of wells, trees, and stones was not abolished, but rather modified to associate the sacred sites with a saint instead of a heathen divinity. The hundreds of magical springs became â€Å"holy wells,† associated with a saint, but still employed for healing and for divining the future. Their water was even used in baptisms (Thomas 48). Pagan festivals were similarly incorporated into the church year (Thomas 47). Like all cultures, the pagans had myths and legends to explain the whys of the world. Their faith explained the changing of the seasons, and also gave them reasons to celebrate those changes. These celebrations are divided into Greater and Lesser Sabbats. As the Goddess is honored with the phas...

A Beginners Guide to Economic Indicators

A Beginners Guide to Economic Indicators An economic indicator is simply any economic statistic, such as the unemployment rate, GDP, or the inflation rate, which indicate how well the economy is doing and how well the economy is going to do in the future. As shown in the article How Markets Use Information To Set Prices investors use all the information at their disposal to make decisions. If a set of economic indicators suggest that the economy is going to do better or worse in the future than they had previously expected, they may decide to change their investing strategy. To understand economic indicators, we must understand the ways in which economic indicators differ. There are three major attributes each economic indicator has: Three Attributes of Economic Indicators Relation to the Business Cycle / EconomyEconomic Indicators can have one of three different relationships to the economy:Procyclic: A procyclic (or procyclical) economic indicator is one that moves in the same direction as the economy. So if the economy is doing well, this number is usually increasing, whereas if were in a recession this indicator is decreasing. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an example of a procyclic economic indicator.Countercyclic: A countercyclic (or countercyclical) economic indicator is one that moves in the opposite direction as the economy. The unemployment rate gets larger as the economy gets worse so it is a countercyclic economic indicator.Acyclic: An acyclic economic indicator is one that has no relation to the health of the economy and is generally of little use. The number of home runs the Montreal Expos hit in a year generally has no relationship to the health of the economy, so we could say it is an acyclic economic indicator.Frequency of the Dat aIn most countries, GDP figures are released quarterly (every three months) while the unemployment rate is released monthly. Some economic indicators, such as the Dow Jones Index, are available immediately and change every minute. TimingEconomic Indicators can be leading, lagging, or coincident which indicates the timing of their changes relative to how the economy as a whole changes.Three Timing Types of Economic IndicatorsLeading: Leading economic indicators are indicators which change before the economy changes. Stock market returns are a leading indicator, as the stock market usually begins to decline before the economy declines and they improve before the economy begins to pull out of a recession. Leading economic indicators are the most important type for investors as they help predict what the economy will be like in the future.Lagged: A lagged economic indicator is one that does not change direction until a few quarters after the economy does. The unemployment rate is a lagged economic indicator as unemployment tends to increase for 2 or 3 quarters after the economy starts to improve.Coincident: A coincident economic indicator is one that simply moves at the same time the economy does. The Gross Domest ic Product is a coincident indicator. Â   Many different groups collect and publish economic indicators, but the most important American collection of economic indicators is published by the United States Congress. Their Economic Indicators are published monthly and are available for download in PDF and TEXT formats. The indicators fall into seven broad categories: Total Output, Income, and SpendingEmployment, Unemployment, and WagesProduction and Business ActivityPricesMoney, Credit, and Security MarketsFederal FinanceInternational Statistics Each of the statistics in these categories helps create a picture of the performance of the economy and how the economy is likely to do in the future. Total Output, Income, and Spending These tend to be the broadest measures of economic performance and include such statistics as: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [quarterly]Real GDP [quarterly]Implicit Price Deflator for GDP [quarterly]Business Output [quarterly]National Income [quarterly]Consumption Expenditure [quarterly]Corporate Profits[quarterly]Real Gross Private Domestic Investment[quarterly] The Gross Domestic Product is used to measure economic activity and thus is both procyclical and a coincident economic indicator. The Implicit Price Deflator is a measure of inflation. Inflation is procyclical as it tends to rise during booms and falls during periods of economic weakness. Measures of inflation are also coincident indicators. Consumption and consumer spending are also procyclical and coincident. Employment, Unemployment, and Wages These statistics cover how strong the labor market is and they include the following: The Unemployment Rate [monthly]Level of Civilian Employment[monthly]Average Weekly Hours, Hourly Earnings, and Weekly Earnings[monthly]Labor Productivity [quarterly] The unemployment rate is a lagged, countercyclical statistic. The level of civilian employment measures how many people are working so it is procyclic. Unlike the unemployment rate, it is a coincident economic indicator. Production and Business Activity These statistics cover how much businesses are producing and the level of new construction in the economy: Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization [monthly]New Construction [monthly]New Private Housing and Vacancy Rates [monthly]Business Sales and Inventories [monthly]Manufacturers Shipments, Inventories, and Orders [monthly] Changes in business inventories is an important leading economic indicator as they indicate changes in consumer demand. New construction including new home construction is another procyclical leading indicator which is watched closely by investors. A slowdown in the housing market during a boom often indicates that a recession is coming, whereas a rise in the new housing market during a recession usually means that there are better times ahead. Prices This category includes both the prices consumers pay as well as the prices businesses pay for raw materials and include: Producer Prices [monthly]Consumer Prices [monthly]Prices Received And Paid By Farmers [monthly] These measures are all measures of changes in the price level and thus measure inflation. Inflation is procyclical and a coincident economic indicator. Money, Credit, and Security Markets These statistics measure the amount of money in the economy as well as interest rates and include: Money Stock (M1, M2, and M3) [monthly]Bank Credit at All Commercial Banks [monthly]Consumer Credit [monthly]Interest Rates and Bond Yields [weekly and monthly]Stock Prices and Yields [weekly and monthly] Nominal interest rates are influenced by inflation, so like inflation, they tend to be procyclical and a coincident economic indicator. Stock market returns are also procyclical but they are a leading indicator of economic performance. Federal Finance These are measures of government spending and government deficits and debts: Federal Receipts (Revenue)[yearly]Federal Outlays (Expenses) [yearly]Federal Debt [yearly] Governments generally try to stimulate the economy during recessions and to do so they increase spending without raising taxes. This causes both government spending and government debt to rise during a recession, so they are countercyclical economic indicators. They tend to be coincident to the business cycle. International Trade These are a measure of how much the country is exporting and how much they are importing: Industrial Production and Consumer Prices of Major Industrial CountriesU.S. International Trade In Goods and ServicesU.S. International Transactions When times are good people tend to spend more money on both domestic and imported goods. The level of exports tends not to change much during the business cycle. So the balance of trade (or net exports) is countercyclical as imports outweigh exports during boom periods. Measures of international trade tend to be coincident economic indicators. While we cannot predict the future perfectly, economic indicators help us understand where we are and where we are going.

How significant were the neandertals to the evolution of anatomically Essay

How significant were the neandertals to the evolution of anatomically modern humans - Essay Example Neandertal fossils date back to 130 000- 30 000 BP throughout the region of Eurasia. Their fossils were morphologically different from modern man in that they were ruggedly built with thick chest (Lahr 130). The Neandertals were very strong and muscular; an adaptation that helped them to survive in tough conditions. According to Hublin, the Neandertals spent most of their lives in caves given that their reign was during a period of long glacial maximum. Although referred to as ancient cavemen, recent archaeological studies have pointed out that the Neandertals were intelligent considering the fact they used stone tools and sometimes fire. (Ponced et al,13767). Thus, new evidence suggests that although the Neandertals were slightly physically different from the anatomically modern man, both shared a lot of characteristics. According to Roebroeks, anatomically modern man came into direct contact with the Neandertals about fifty thousand years ago (p. 438). The neandertals and modern ma n were forced to compete for the resources available like food and locations (Mellars 103). However, the highly specialized morphology of the Neandertals began working to their disadvantage due the climatic changes. There is no conclusive evidence to ascertain whether modern man was more evolve than the neandertals at this point in history. However, the discovery of cultural items associated with early modern man suggest that indeed, neandertals were less evolved in comparison (Hardy 35). Since both the neandertals and modern man shared diets, the competition for food grew fierce with time. Eventually, the neandertals were pushed towards harsh and less fertile environment which heralded their demise. It should be noted that modern man and neandertals were very similar. Research by Currat pointed out that modern man and neandertals had similar cultures (p. 15129). For instance, both were cognizant of the significance of death and tools of trade were inherited. Although they both had had significant morphological differences, their genetic distinction could still allow for mating to produce offspring that was viable. The possibility of interbreeding between modern man and neandertals may offer insight into the similar traits between the two (Weaver et al 464) . The gene of microcephalin is archeologically attributed to neandertal man. This trait was absent in modern man genome up to approximately one million years ago. Its presence in anatomically modern man thus points out to interbreeding with the neandertals. The gene that allowed for more brain development and intelligence was critical for the existence and survival of modern man (Ponced 1365). This gene was rapidly propagated through the modern man by positive selection and it is now present in a majority of the world population. Thus, it is evident that neandertals passed on some superior genes of brain development to modern man which contributed significantly to their evolution. The intelligence gene was advantageous to the progress and survival of anatomically modern man in a dynamic world. According to Blow et al, further research into the DNA of Neandertals has indicated compellingly that in deed anatomically modern man and neandertals interbred (1367). This conclusion was reached after the study found out that modern man had a gene that helped to develop resistance to virus that was previously found in

Drafting Introbodyconclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drafting Introbodyconclusion - Essay Example They spend a lot of time and money in their quest for the perfect body. They spend time under the surgeon's knife, trying as hard to look the perfect person. Models on the ramp, play host to millions of probing eyes and have been taught to look their pleasing best. Life is never easy on the fast track. Leaving behind their personal feelings, and throwing caution to wind, these tall, slim-legged, hour-glass bodied women live a life of make-believe. Is life on the ramp a bed of roses, as most of us make it to be How true has the proverb, "All that shines is not gold" proved to be. Yes! The ramp is a stage, and the models, its actors. They are there to please the connoisseur and our senses. To follow them would be disastrous and to say the least, painful. Health and beauty industries thrive on women's senses. Not much can be said of men's apparel or health and beauty care. This multi-million dollar industry remains vibrant thanks to media hype and idol-worship. Not much is seen or heard of adversities. MTV shows women clad in minutiae bits and pieces of clothing flashing more of bodies than the cloth they are supposed to represent. This is far from the reality of what fashion should be today. It's true that there remains a few with genuine interest in clothing and its accessories, but for the majority, it's the flesh and blood that appeals most.

Employee Motivation Strategies At Pizza Hut

Employee Motivation Strategies At Pizza Hut The researcher is of the view that motivation is understood by individuals isolated ways; it can either be by enlarged fiscal exhaust, augmentation or better profession expects, acknowledgment from upper-class and superior administration or it can be individual improvement and progress. The researcher refers to Pizza Huts Human Resource procedures as a centre of attention spot in the projected research. It is proposed to distinguish how the overall performance of the company depends on the proper management of the employees through motivation. Another belief of the researcher is that competition is in broad extrinsic because it cheers the performer to be successful and beat competitors and not to have the benefit of the fundamental rewards of the pursuit. 1.1. Title of the Research Proposal: An Investigation into Employee Motivation at Pizza Hut 1.2. Background to the organisation: Pizza Hut is a multinational restaurant and delivery company which is established in America in 1958. Now pizza Hut is the leading company in the world as it has the highest number of outlets and the high percentage of market share. The company oversees more than 11,000 pizza restaurants and delivery stores in 90 countries all over the world. Source: International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 21. St. James Press, 1998. Pizza Hut constantly observes and supervises its employees and guarantees that they are contented with the strategies and any of the feedbacks are taken as a consideration for the policy and the services. 1.3 Importance of Research: The research proposal is based on the employee motivation of an organization. Employee motivation is one of the major drivers of organizational performance. The importance of the proposed research is as follows: 1.3.1. Importance to organization: The researcher will be able to identify that if the employees of an organization are highly motivated and optimistic they will do all the necessary works to accomplish the purpose of the organization as well as they will be keep going with any of the potential challenges. The researcher will also able to evaluate how the employee motivation effects to the stability of an organization. 1.3.2. Importance to academic body of knowledge: The researcher believes that the completed research will provide academic benefits to all its users whether a management and non-management background. This research will provide the various theories and literature based on the employee motivation which governed at different stages and circumstances. If it is not so possible, the researcher is going to illustrate the best premises from the existing theories to execute an action plan for Pizza hut. 1.3.3. Personal importance: At present the researcher works as a support manager of same organization accountable for convalescing and boosting employee motivations within the company. With this research, researcher feels to have a scope to generate the weekly reward system and structure an incentive plan for the crew members. Apart from that the researcher has expanded a good perceptive of how the motivation is related with the theories and how the internal business runs. Most of all, the researcher learnt how to handle work force throughout the research proposal. 1.4. Research Objectives: The purpose of research is to answers and to discover answers to research questions through the application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to search for truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. The researcher anticipates examining and distinguishing the followings: To critically evaluate the existing literature on employee motivation To identify distinct models that facilitate clarify matters on employee motivation To analyze the reasons of employee de-motivation. To examine the dynamic motivational enticements provided by Pizza Hut. To develop an instructive theory that related confident aspects with the efficiency of the employee motivation. To recommend proposal for improving employee motivation. 1.5. Research questions: The researcher presumes that the proposed research will explore employee motivation features but there are also other surprising questions may appear. The proposed dissertation will look for the way out set up by the following questions: What is the significance of employee motivation? What does the inspiration of employee motivation necessitate? How do the distinct theories of employee motivation correlate? Why does employee motivation lead to successful organization? What are the key factors that can enhance the motivation in Pizza Hut employees? What are the main features Pizza Hut can take to move on employee motivation? 2. Literature Review: A literature review utilizes as its database information of primary or original learning, and does not account new primary research itself. Cooper (1988), Motivation can be defined as the psychosomatic method that provides activities function and way. In easy way to write that motivation is the internal power that drives persons to attain targets in both individual and professional. Kreitner (1995) 2.1. Maslows (1943) Hierarchy of Needs: Abraham Maslow (1943) set up a pyramid which he called essential needs supported in order to significance. Maslow (1943) as cited Kotler (2001) suggested that there is also a prospect that individuals may prefer to give up most of their needs, becoming sufferer for living with high ethical values. According to the original and eventual and fundamental Maslows (1943) Hierarchy of needs, five human motivational needs are as follows: Physiological and Biological Requirements: fundamental requirements for survival like hunger, desire and thirst, sensory satisfaction. Phychol (1941) Safety Requirements: shelter from hurt or risk of danger or death, commandment, restrictions, strength, etc. Social Requirements: also can be described as love wants that means desire to offer and accept love, liking and affiliation, etc. Freud (1937) Esteem Requirements: self-respect, realization, freedom, position, governance, reputation, executive accountability, etc. Goldstein (1939) Self-Actualization Requirements: understanding individual aptitude, self- realization, looking for individual augmentation and knowledge. Source: http://www.businessballs.com/maslow.htm It is not possible to encourage someone to reach his/her sales goal (level 4) when he is having struggles with his/her marriage (level 3). Similarly, its impossible to expect someone to be a team leader (level 3) while he/she is on his house re-possessing (level 2). 2.2. Banduras (1977) Self-Efficacy Theory: In 1977, Albert Bandura hypothesized the Self-Efficacy theory which supports the principle that motivation and operation results are main causal features where an individual regards as he/she can achieve the job. Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem There is a minor dissimilarity among these terminologies: Self-efficacy means the capability to achieve a positive role; on the other hand self-esteem exposes the faith of individuals personality. Self-fulfilling Prophecy: People hold high self-efficacy will have the high assurance and be successful in satisfying and completing a given task successfully. Goal-Difficulty: People who have high self-efficacy lean to appoint and unite challenging objectives. Success Rate: Self-efficacy possibly will stalk from previous good performance or unsuccessful. When the new incentive plan will be introduced at Pizza Hut it should be seen from the better performance of employees from the past. Goal-dedication: To pursue a certain goal there may difficult barrier arise but if the employees have high self-efficacy must exhibit high goal responsibility. 2.3. McGregors (1960) XY Theory: The XY Theory was proposed by the famous psychologist Douglas McGregor in his book The Human Side of Enterprise in 1960. McGregor was an American social psychologist, whose theory proposed a stage to expand optimistic administration approach and procedures, so that even today McGregors X-Y Theory is broadly used to obtain information for executive progress. Theory X The managers who are in theory X group are expected to be oppressive. It is difficult to deal with the people who are in the group when they start to perform their job. When the theory deals with the employees, it is seen that they need continuous command, less responsibility, they are not determined, desires job safety and security. Theory Y The managers who are to this grouping are supposed to have participative supervision approach. They seem to be centric administrators who have faith in hands-on attitude to daily concern. This is the belief of the researcher that Pizza Hut will have more Y theory employees as well as managers to enhance the situation of the organization. 2.4. Adams Equity theory: With the analysis of theories recommended by Maslow, Herzberg and other pioneers of workplace and behavioural psychologist, John Stacey Adams set out his Equity Theory in 1963. Adams (1963) conferred his own understanding of an incentive -to- endeavour proportion by signifying that all employees provide their inputs and receive outputs. Inputs are what are given into labour like allegiance, loyalty, gives up long working hours when needed. Outputs are all that is taken out in return like compensation, reward, acknowledgment etc. The researcher deeply believes that the administration at pizza Hut should consistently interconnect to the employees and reveal company information, enquiries and other special offers as well as reward system among them. 2.5. Herzbergs (1959) Two Factor Theory: Frederick Herzberg is recognized with the creation of the two factors theory. Herzberg (1959) did his investigation among 200 engineers and accountants and was proficient to establish that satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work stalked from different aspects not from differing response. The two factors theory is consisting of hygiene and motivational needs. Hygiene factor is also known as maintenance factors such as: Compensation benefits of employee Policy for company Personal and professional life Job safety Relation with others Working environment. Motivational needs are more fundamental by people such as: Attainment Acknowledgment Job itself Accountability Career Augmentation From the theory, the researcher desires to force the point that there must be a great stability amid the hygiene and motivational requirements at Pizza Hut. 2.6. Vrooms (1964) expectancy theory: According to Vroom (1964), the motivation is subjective not only by prestige of a conclusion but an appraisal of its viability. Calculation of probability of an effect being attained is in turn inclined by three things as follows: Accessibility of the required conclusion Individual confidence that a definite action will consequence in conclusion Individual assurance that one has the capability to execute the necessary act effectively. 3.1. Academic Debate: A main question stand to the research subject is why is Motivation so essential? Motivation is a composite purpose for executives to follow as McGregors (1960) XY theory but depends on the different categories. Kovach (1987) monitored as at unique profession points motivation requirements are different. For example, while an employee is young and income enhance, money becomes less motivator whereas later exciting work becomes more of motivator. Adam (1965) Equity Theory notified that when there is lack of gratitude in workplace, discrimination possibly will appear. On the other hand, Houran (2007) notified the initiation of small cluster enticement which cheers employees to give more inputs as McGregors (1960) XY theory illustrates. Martin (2001) in his pragmatic learning has augmented problems recruiting potential employees by following the right method of recruiting. While recruitment is done it is not expected that the employees will be automatically motivated. 3.2. Beyond the debate: The theories which have been described are the shedding of motivation. Nonetheless the theories are followed; the most important factors are the fascinating work and intensive pay for the employee. The researcher understood that if there is the proper configuration in between individual and proficient objects, then employee motivation is an easy task. There are other choices such as job improvement, enhancement, encouragement, fiscal and non-fiscal reward (e.g. identification) should be well thought-out. It may be really tough to moderate the reward system of an organization for all individuals but it is possible to formulate an acceptable method which is suitable for both employees and company. 4. Research Methodology: Saunders et.al (2009) rationalized the methodology as the method of how research should be carried out. By means, methodology has been referred to the procedures and implementations used to attain and investigate data (Ibid). 4.1. Research Philosophy: Research philosophy can be defined as the expansion of learning in a distinct subject and the characteristics of that learning. Saunders et.al (2009) According to Saunders et.al (2009), there are three major types of research philosophy: Epistemology Epistemology can be sub divided into followings: Positivism Positivism has a meaningful theoretical point of view which has the required reflection of data that is being taken. The existing theory will assist to bring about thesis. If data is been collected properly only then a research approach and strategy can be concluded wherein data can be collected. Realism This philosophical approach testifies that what is professed by the right mind and what is the truth, it is not driven by the existing theory or belief and individual assessment and imitations. However, Realism is only significant when data is accrued, evaluated and illuminated. Interpretivism Interpretivism raises the thought that the communal issue is crucial to identify with the variation among human essence. It is known that each and every human creature is a social performer who interprets his/her basic and social wants and for the others which he/she can realize from the thought. Ontology Ontology philosophical approach which overlays the way, as cited in Saunders et.al (2009), to the sufficiency of the learning gained by the overall investigation progress. The features of authenticity and the view how the process is carried out are more important in this philosophy. Axiology Axiology is one type of philosophical approach which deals with the observations and evaluation conceded on human morals that are demonstrated to clarify that the research is done with the credibility. 4.2. Research Approach: As the researcher ready decided the research philosophy he will adapt so it must be thought for the most appropriate research approach to be carried out the research. According to Saunders et.al (2007), the major research approaches includes: Deductive Approach Deductive approach is what to test existing theory. The deductive approach inclines more to the positivism. Saunders et.al (2009) which is cited by Robson (2002) hypothesizes that if the deductive approach is selected, there are 5 stages how the research will be carried out: Investigating the association between conceptions or variables and then test the hypothesis. The conceptions or variables will be calculated and then expressed in effective terminologies. Testing of hypothesis. Assessing the outcomes. Acknowledge or modify the conceptions. Inductive Approach Inductive approach is necessarily more research oriented because here the researcher collects the data and critically analyzes and then develops a hypothesis from all the observations. If the data is available and if the data is well interpreted then it is possible to make an knowledgeable appraisal about the projected research design. Secondly, access of data can be very partial or sometimes totally impossible to access or may be the researcher does not have prior knowledge. Easterby-Smith et.al (2002) cited in Saunders et.al (2009) As the research objectives are formulated, the researcher must choose the deductive approach because of the existing data. The researcher considers that in deductive approach the data does exist and that is why the overall research will be quicker and smooth and the another reason for choosing deductive approach that the researcher feels that there is a low risk in this approach. 4.3. Research Strategy As the deductive approach is chosen it is important to choose the similar research strategy to match. There are some important research strategies include: Experiment Case study Action research Grounded theory Ethnography and archival research Survey Source: Saunders et.al (2009) From above research strategies the researcher feels that the most appropriate strategy will be the survey framing a questionnaire. The researcher will carry out the questionnaire with the data collected from the current employees at Pizza Hut within his store as well as the other. 5. Research Sampling: The research will be focusing on the questionnaire based on the employees, support managers and the RGM. The employees who are in the restaurant and the delivery units will be the main focus. Sampling methods can be categorized as: Saunders et.al (2009) Probability or Representative Sampling: If the probability of each personal being taken from the complete personnel is known then it is called representative sampling. The probability sampling is perfect for survey and investigational research strategies. Non Probability or Judgmental Sampling; If the probability of each personal being taken from the complete personnel is unknown then it is called judgmental sampling, this would be essential if it is used in a pilot survey. From above sampling the researcher will be taking probability sampling for his research because the sample of his research is fully known. 6. Research Credibility: The research is credible when there is less research is done in this precise part in the organization. Credibility depends on the faithfulness of the researcher that it is only be used for the academic purposes. The most important factor is to believe that the variables which researcher has taken are appropriate for the specific research. Furthermore, the confidentiality for research work is also important and the anonymity is another part of research work. The researcher must acknowledge that the data he/she got from the participants, these will confident and no third party will be involved here. Validity is all about determining if the generated outcomes are essentially true. There are some threats mentioned in Saunders et.al (2009): The researcher must be concern when he will carry out the research. Furthermore, if the researcher wants to attain the data from every step, the employees may not like it and may be they will refuse to disclose. There should not be a specific time for the participants to complete the questionnaire. There are some aspects have to be maintained: Time management and choosing of right variables for the research. The participants must not be prejudiced by higher authority, mystery should be there. The questionnaire must be systematic and free of error. The data collection must be correct even though there is any critical situation. 7. Time Horizon: There are two well known methods are used traditionally for the studies of development are: Longitudinal or Cross sectional. However, both methods have advantages as well as disadvantages. Salkind (2004) Longitudinal study is a relationship research study that necessitates frequent observations of the identical objects over an extent phase of time, where the time can be for 5 to 10 years or more. The Cross sectional study is a study that necessitates observations of all of inhabitants on a representative subset at a distinct time where the time can be 6 to 12 months. The researcher will be using the cross sectional technique because the short period of time and the variables of the research is known. The longitudinal technique will not help the researcher because there is not so much time for the frequent observations of the identical matter as the participants will not be interested. 8. Data Collection: Secondary research methods: Secondary data refers to the data that has been collected by others for another purpose. The main advantage of collecting the secondary data is that it can save considerable time and effort as the data already exists. Among secondary data, the following types of secondary will be examined- Academic research E-resources Company website Other relevant publication Media Documentary secondary data Survey based secondary data Primary research methods The objectives in conducting the primary research is to acquire new and the latest data in order to be processed into useful information to give solution to the research question. If the data collected does not meet the aspects of reliability and validity, the research will not get its credibility. The researcher will choose both the methods because collecting secondary data is less time and money consuming and data is sustainable, authentic and reliable. Secondary data is innovative and easy for comparison and most importantly easy to access and available. Primary method is an effective as comments and responses can be attained by applying less effort, time and money. 9. Ethical Issues: Ethics while the research is carrying out is linked with the overall process that the way research topic is chosen, intended, the data collection methods, data analyzing process and stored all through the credibility and fairness. The researcher is going to go behind his own regulations of ethics which will a classical model are as follows: Privacy of participants Participants ability to withdraw partially or completely from the research Confidential maintenance of data given to protect anonymity Participants should be comfortable while sharing information Researchers right to safety Deception Participants confidentiality Discrimination Respecting target sample Right to anonymity No risk of harm Source: Saunders et.al (2009) 10. Data Access and Resource Implication: The researcher kept in his mind while choosing the objectives and the questions that where he can gain access the data. The proposal should be on that particular area where the researcher has the access to the essential data to complete a successful dissertation. Naom(2007). The researcher will use all sources of data which will have the availability of access to complete the research. The data will be collected from various academic books, articles, journal etc. The data also will be collected from the various internet search engine, e-journal, articles etc. Another important source is from the organisations website. Collection of data is through direct survey, averages in order to get perfect data directly from the employees. In terms of expenses all the elements will be reasonably priced and the researcher will try to keep all the costs as low as possible. Because of the interview will be taken in store so there will be no expense for this. 11. Action Plan TASKS TIME 1. Academic Knowledge June 2010 2. Topic Selection June 2010 3. Firm up Objectives and questions July 2010 4. Research Literature July 2010 5. Write Literature Review Aug 2010 6. Write Methodology Aug 2010 7. Prepare Questionnaire Sep 2010 8. Pilot Questionnaire Refine Sep 2010 9. Administer Questionnaire/ Collect Data/ Analyse Data Oct 2010 10. Write Findings Oct 2010 11. Write discussion/ Conclusion/ Recommendation Nov 2010 12. Reflective review Nov 2010 13. Proof Reading Dec 2010 14. Turn it in and Print Binding Jan 2011 15. Submit Dissertation Jan 2011 12. References: Adams (1963) Bandura, A. (1977). Self efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. Broom (1964) Cooper H. M. (1988). The structure of knowledge synthesis Knowledge in Society, vol. 1, pp. 104-126 Freud, A (1937), The ego and the mechanisms of defence, Hogarth, London Psychological Review Goldstein, K (1939), The Organism, American Book Company, New York. Herzbergs (1959) Kotler, Armstrong, Saunders, Wong (2001): Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall Kreitner, R. (1995). Management, 6th Edition, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. McGregors (1960) Martin, Samuel (2001). Secrets of Employee Motivation, Journal of the American Chiropractic Association. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, July 1943. 370-396. Phychol. Bull(1941), The experimental analysis of appetite, p 129-164 Salkind N J (2004). An Introduction to Theories of Human Development, SAGE Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2007) Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, p. 108, 119, 124, 127, 140-142, 155-160, http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Pizza-Hut-Inc-Company-History.html http://www.pizzahutfranchise.co.uk/html/history.html

Save the Earth, Save Mankind

Good morning Miss and my fellow classmates. Today, I would like to talk to you about topic on â€Å"save the earth and save mankind†. My dearest audience, imagine it’s after class now and you’re heading back to your car under the bright hot sun. After you get in the car, you grab some tissue and wipe all your sweat. What would you do after using the tissue? Well, let’s be frank. We wind down the window and just throw them outside. It is fun doing it when you see no cars behind or beside you. Let’s pollute the earth and hopefully clog the drain.We would love to swim in the flood. Next, imagine you just woke up from your sleep, went to wash up while leaving the air conditioner on. After washing up, you feel like having a cold soft drink in your room. So you open up the fridge saw some chocolate bar, hesitate a while, grab a can of soft drink and went back to your room. While you’re about to step into your room, you feel like having a bar of cho colate, so you go back to the fridge, get a bar of chocolate and went upstairs. Now the most enjoyable magical moment in this morning is the moment you step into your room.With a can of soft drinks, a bar of chocolate and most importantly is the cold enjoyable CFC releasing room. What more to ask in such relaxing morning? Imagine your friend called you up and he asked you to come over to his walking distance house. What would you do? Well of course you start your car and drive to his house because it is an irrational act to walk to your friend’s house. Reason because you’ll be a victim to kidnappers? Unfortunately no, but something even worse than being kidnapped, it is because the sun will melt you down and the distance will break your leg.Let’s drive more and burn more fuel to release more carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide to the air. Who says we cannot fight god’s creation? We can increase the earth temperature and defeat mother earth with greenhouse effect! Imagine you’re a person with the authority to voice out in your country. In order for a country to develop, the best way is to develop land. So let’s organize campaign to support deforestation! Let’s celebrate for every single tree being cut down and you’ll see new project in the future. Let’s support burning down more forest and hope for a better economy.Burn more and increase the greenhouse temperature. We would love to inhale polluted air but not with forest around us. Imagine you’re living in the arctic, freezing cold, no place to go during winter so you just stay at home and pray that the people from other region can help melting the ice by increasing global temperature. The best part of melting the ice is not to solve the cold temperature but to increase the sea level. Let’s pray and hope for a rise in sea level. Let’s cover more land with sea and with this increase of sea level let’s hope for another mega tsunami.We shall wait for a brand new video on this beautiful tragedy. Let us all leave the air conditioner in the room turned on while we’re not using. Let’s drive more and burn more fuel. Let’s burn more and increase the earth temperature. Let’s increase the temperature and melt the ice. Let’s melt the ice and increase the sea level. Let’s increase the sea level and pray for more tragedy. Now please take a minute to think! In the end, who is the one suffering? Who is the one will pray for a better day to live? Who is the one begging for another chance to fix the problem?We are the one. But don’t be afraid. I’m here to remind you the ways of preventing. Let me start with the easiest way which is start recycling. Since young, we were all taught to learn how to recycle by differentiating different types of material that can be recycled such as glass, paper, aluminum and plastic. This is the easiest way that we can start to help saving the earth. By recycling, we reduce factory production and therefore it reduces the air pollution as well. With one stone, we can kill 2 birds, it’s worth a shot.